Web 2.0 bibliography - Archives, libraries & museums
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IntroductionGo to Social media landscape and Web 2.0 policy documents & strategies in higher education This is a work in progress, an early list of scholarly articles about using social media in archives, libraries and museums. As such it provides background, fodder for discussion and peripheral data around the impact of web 2.0 in information organizations. Of specific interest are academic journal articles that describe or mention web 2.0 strategies and policies or long-term planning for archives, libraries and museums within institutions of higher learning and other educational, cultural and parent institutions. ArchivesSee also Archives 2.0 wiki and Archives 2.0
With the launch of large-scale digitization projects, libraries will increasingly be distinguished by special and archival collections, and by the services they offer to provide access to these collections. This poster presentation describes some innovative tools being created to enhance access to resources of the Northwest Digital Archives.
Archivists deal with the challenges of expanding volumes of records with growing public expectations that all pages in all documents will be online-accessible and indexed. With so many records and so few resources to provide on-demand access to them, the problem seems intractable. More money is not the answer, and larger donations will not solve the problem. Archivists must shift their thinking about their roles and develop alternative means and methods for archival work. This paper introduces the idea of commons-based peer-production as a way to turn collections inside out, and encourages archival institutions to reinvent themselves.
This article discusses a research project at the University of Michigan evaluating the incorporation of Web 2.0 technologies into finding aids. It offers insights into how social navigation features might be used to enhance finding aids and make archival materials more accessible.
This paper examines the archival potential of blogs, a popular form of electronic record in which personal accounts and commentaries are entered in an on-line journal. A historical survey of the diary — the blog’s paper-based antecedent— suggests how the two records are alike and where they diverge, taking into account their evidential values, their seemingly contradictory public and private qualities, and their very diverse physical natures. O'Sullivan discusses the role that traditional archives might play in preserving blogs, while considering the implications that their loss would have for our cultural memory, and offering some suggestions for ensuring preservation.
Palmer discusses some of the opportunities and tensions emerging around Archives 2.0, crowd-sourcing, and archival authority.
Recently archival professionals have undertaken projects to convert their physical collections to digital format and display the surrogates of these primary sources on their websites. Simultaneously, the Web is moving toward a shared environment that embraces collective intelligence and participation, which is often called Web 2.0. This paper investigates the extent to which Web 2.0 features have been integrated into archival digitization projects.
Archivists are converting physical collections to digital formats and displaying surrogates of these primary sources on their websites. Simultaneously, the Web is moving toward a shared environment that embraces collective intelligence and participation, which is often called Web 2.0. This paper investigates the extent to which Web 2.0 features have been integrated into archival digitization projects. Although the use of Web 2.0 features has not yet been widely discussed in the professional archival literature, this exploratory study of college and university repository websites in the United States suggests that archival professionals are embracing web 2.0 to promote their digital content and redefine relationships with their patrons.
Digital archives are established to ensure the ongoing accessibility and usability of the digital information they contain. This paper explores how web 2.0 practices (e.g. open architectures, personalization, community-control) might be integrated into OAIS-style digital archives to: 1) improve the quality and breadth of access to digital archives content 2) harness the knowledge and expectations of online users 3) nurture and grow the Designated Communities of digital archives into vibrant and dynamic online communities.
This article discusses how archives are utilizing Web 2.0 technologies and gives examples of successful Web 2.0 implementations. It also highlights how archivists can potentially use Web 2.0 to improve their services to their patrons. Yakel argues that archivists need to reconceptualize the roles of the archivist and the researcher and that this reconceptualization might involve ceding control over some of descriptive products to the users. Libraries
Abram says that the web drastically changes reference services and questions once answered in traditional interviews are now done by search tools. The introduction of web 2.0 has changed end-user behaviour and search techniques; since libraries are in the business of serving patrons, they must also use web 2.0. He proposes a variety of responses to web 2.0 from ignoring it (and becoming extinct) to embracing it (and having no physical presence).
Abram recognizes the effect of web 2.0 in reaching patrons but suggests it can be useful within a special library in promoting greater collaboration and interaction. Traditional Intranets are becoming obsolete in the face of new social technology as web 2.0 is a “social phenomena” here to stay. Web 3.0 will take the phenomena one step further, integrating and making collaborative more daily tasks such as word processing. Libraries must move into a Library 2.0 era through the use of web 2.0 tools to better understand user needs and preferences and improve service.
Abram recognizes that tools like Myspace and Facebook might not seem like appropriate collaboration tools for special libraries but he points out that they function within a parent organization that serves the people in a larger context – people who are enmeshed in social networking tools like Myspace. He believes organizations can use social networking sites as inspiration for collaborative, web-based strategies. Organizations may profit from following their lead as these sites provide effective collaboration in the online environment, and because they enjoy such enormous popularity that buy-in would be easy.
Allen believes that web 2.0 can be described in four ways: technological capability to prioritize data according to human and computer manipulation; a business approach enabling organizations to pair people and data, reaching niche markets; sum total of activities and technology that enable web users to engage; and finally, a “political statement,” a method of using technology to exchange information in a less regulated way. In the wake of the dotcom crash of the 1990s, telecom giants wanted a piece of the web 2.0 pie. He believes telecommunications infrastructure and Web 2.0 spells disaster for openness; moguls in telcom will try to regain a monopoly of the multimedia.
The British Library briefly mentions the importance of web 2.0 and social software in its action plan for 2007 to 2008.
"As Illinois State Library's information technology coordinator, I have come to realize that embracing this essential Web 2.0 philosophy is a useful tool in unlocking the true potential of digital collections. In fact, the central premise behind this article is that until we embrace Web 2.0 concepts, digital repositories cannot evolve beyond very useful cataloging tools."
Laura Cohen comes up with a helpful blogpost on developing an action plan for a 2.0 library.
This article presents an overview of public policy issues for digital libraries, and describes current trends such as web 2.0 and the social network. It discusses globalization and the Internet, open access scholarship and mass digitization and focuses on preservation and long term access to digital information and authentication of digital legal information. It discusses new roles for librarians, called upon to evaluate information and be advocates in information policy. Law librarians are encouraged to join professional associations and undergo continuous professional education.
Haskell says it is necessary to identify what, how and when to share information institutionally using social software. A robust framework is needed to oversee institutional sharing-policy and strategic directions given risk implications. It is important to consider that innovation and creativity may be stifled due to over-zealous approaches. Some academic technology initiatives start outside of IT governance, which has drawbacks. However, there are concerns that once projects shift to institutional-led, restrictive practices are put in place and freedom to try out new things and experiment is lost. Sandbox approaches may be necessary to stimulate creativity and deliver innovative outcomes. Some universities have developed knowledge and/or information management processes to provide strategic direction in web 2.0.
Many libraries are integrating Web 2.0 technologies into library service in order to encourage collaboration and improve outreach to users. This article examines the question of whether or not social software (also known as Web 2.0 software) can be utilized to further a library's strategic goals and objectives. The experiences of the Library at Mohawk College are described. Specifically, the article examines the use of blogging, social bookmarking, wikis, Writely.com, podcasting, chat, Ning.com, and RSS at the Library @ Mohawk. The finding is that social software can indeed further a library's strategic goals and objectives and can do so in an engaging and creative way. Adapted from the source document.
Web 2.0 requires that interactive systems enable user participation in producing information and encouraging social interaction. To critically explore web 2.0 it is vital to explore the relationship of interactivity to social power. This study characterizes interactivity using Barry’s (2001) framework differentiating interactivity from disciplining technologies as defined by Foucault. Contrary to Barry’s model, the analysis explores how interactivity may indeed function as a disciplining technology within the framework of a neoliberal political economy.
A new initiative on the drawing table is a “Futures Committee” at Roskilde Universitetsbibliotek in Denmark to focus on new technologies, “gadgets” and ways of communicating information and knowledge. The library is coping with a cultural disconnect between its culture and ITskilled patrons and we must be better at partnering with them in planning, redesigning and improving services. As academic libraries “the guards of human knowledge”, we do not want to yield on quality. We must keep hallmarks of quality, and let us use new technologies to fulfil our goals as important in knowledge generation Andrew Lawrence from Information Age says: "Web 2.0 is a powerful, energising method of sharing information and content, but it is so new that the controls and processes needed to make it work have not been put in place. Beware blogs, wikis and Web 2.0 – we are entering dangerous, unregulated territory."
A primer on best practices for using web 2.0 tools in libraries. Museums, other information agencies
The phrase web 2.0 has taken hold as a way of life for many web users who are not content to consume content, they want to personalize it and share experiences with others. In the museum sector, uptake has been low. Some exceptions exist but key questions remain. Why has deployment of web 2.0 tools been slow? What barriers exist? The paper identifies why web 2.0 is of importance to museums, and what barriers are common. Finally, it finds ways that practitioners might go about addressing barriers in their organizations. López, Ximena; Margapoti, Ilaria; Maragliano, Roberto; Bove, Giuseppe. "The presence of Web 2.0 tools on museum websites: a comparative study between England, France, Spain, Italy, and the USA" Museum Management and Curatorship 25.2 (2010). 27 May. 2010 < http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/09647771003737356 >
This report is an exploratory survey of approaches that Australian cultural institutions are using to meet the challenges of web 2.0. A sample of applications used internationally and locally are described under the headings ranging from business resources through to exhibitions, professional development and youth outreach in order to explore strategies for implementation. A section follows in which challenges and opportunities relating to management and software support are identified under the headings: Access, Audiences, Authority, Collaboration, Current Awareness, Metadata, Policy, Publishing, Records retention, Rich Web applications, Seeding, Skills and Statistics. Each area represents a prospective domain of investigation for research institutions or the cultural institutions themselves. A conclusion summarizes these findings with respect to the role that cultural institutions can play in improving access to and involvement with the cultural heritage.
Web 2.0 is a term that describes web-based applications on which users generate, share, and curate the content. Over the last three years, Web 2.0 sites, from blogs to YouTube to Wikipedia, have transformed the ways that web users interact with content and with each other on the web. This article explores the ways that the philosophies of Web 2.0, which promote user participation and peer-to-peer interaction, can be applied in museums to encourage active discourse among visitors. Current web-based projects and potential in-gallery applications are explored, with a focus on networking individual visitor experiences as a basis for communal action.
Social tagging and folksonomies offer ways for museums to engage with their communities. Studies at The Metropolitan Museum of Art compared terms assigned by trained and untrained cataloguers and explored social tagging as a way to improve access to museum collections. This study showed that social tagging has potential to open museum collections up to others. Untrained cataloguers identified aspects not described in formal museum description, validating the author's hypothesis that tagging might help to develop access strategies. Tags assigned by users help to bridge the semantic divide between professional discourse of curators and popular language used by museum visitors. The steve collaboration (http://www.steve.museum) builds on this study to develop shared tools and research methods to enable social tagging of art museum collections. |
