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Introduction 
See also Men's Health Pathfinders and Women's Health Pathfinders
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women after lung cancer, and affects thousands of Canadian women each year. The disease profoundly affects women living with the disease, their families and friends. Breast cancer starts in the tissues of the breast. There are two main types: 1) ductal carcinoma starts in the tubes (ducts) that take milk from the breast to the nipple; most breast cancers are of this type; 2) Lobular carcinoma starts in parts of the breast called lobules that produce milk. In rare cases, breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast.
In 2012, a major international study (Curtis et al, 2012) revealed that breast cancer is not one or even four diseases and can be classified into 10 subtypes. The findings point to more accurate, tailored treatments for individual patients in the future.
 4 stars denotes librarian-selected, high quality information. Starred sites are great places to begin your research.'
- An online or print publication intended to present Canadian information for Canadians
General sites
Disclaimer: The HLWIKI Canada team makes consumer health information (CHI) available to all -- however, it is for informational purposes only and should not be construed as advice or as a substitute for consulting a doctor. While we strive to keep all content current and correct, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability or suitability of information, products, services, or related graphics contained here or on any of the websites listed. Only qualified health providers can provide health care e.g., they will take your health history, examine you, and bring their expertise and experience to bear on evaluating you. Put simply, advice regarding your care should always include your physician and other health providers. Please ask your local health librarian for further assistance.
Canada 
4 stars denotes librarian-selected, high quality information. Starred sites are great places to begin your research.
United States
4 stars denotes librarian-selected, high quality information. Starred sites are great places to begin your research.
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
4 stars denotes librarian-selected, high quality information. Starred sites are great places to begin your research.
- American Cancer Society - Guidelines For Using Complementary & Alternative Methods
- British Columbia Cancer Agency Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies Patients /Public -
- British Columbia Cancer Agency Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies Professionals Information -
- CancerGuide Material on Alternative Therapies - http://cancerguide.org/alternative.html
- Duke University Medical Center - Cancer Patient's Guide to Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2nd ed(2000) -
- HealthWorld Online - Breast Cancer - http://www.healthy.net/clinic/dandc/breastca/index.asp
- HealthWorld Online - Cancer Resource Center - An Integrative Approach To Healing -
- MD Anderson Cancer Center / University of Texas Complementary / Integrative Medicine Education Resources (CIMER) - http://www.mdanderson.org/departments/cimer/
- National Cancer Institute. Complementary & Alternative Medicine - http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/treatment/cam
- National Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine. National Institutes of Health (NIH) - http://nccam.nih.gov/
References
- Breast cancer. National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health.
- Breast awareness and breast self-exam (FAQ) National Women's Health Information Center. US National Institutes of Health.
- Thompson A, Brennan K, et al. Evaluation of the current knowledge limitations in breast cancer research: a gap analysis. Breast Cancer Research. 2008;10(2):R26.
- Curtis et al. The genomic and transcriptomic architecture of 2,000 breast tumours reveals novel subgroups. Nature. 2012 Apr 18.
- Hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. Carroll JC, Cremin C, et al. Canadian Family Physician. 2008 Dec;54(12):1691-2.
- Male breast cancer: is the scenario changing. Contractor KB, Kaur K, et al. World Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2008 Jun 16;6:58.
- Menopausal hormone therapy in relation to breast cancer characteristics and prognosis: a cohort study. Rosenberg LU, Granath F, et al. Breast Cancer Research. 2008;10(5):R78.
- Molckovsky A, Fitzgerald B, et al. Approach to inflammatory breast cancer. Canadian Family Physician. 2009 Jan;55(1):25-31.
- New technology discovery at Mount Sinai Hospital holds promise for improved breast cancer treatment. Mount Sinai Hospital. Toronto. 2008
- Opportunities and strategies for breast cancer prevention through risk reduction. Mahoney MC, Bevers T, et al. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. 2008 Nov-Dec;58(6):347-71.
- Pregnancy-associated breast cancer. Keinan-Boker L, Lerner-Geva L, et al. Israel Medical Association Journal. 2008 Oct;10(10):722-7.
- Should lifestyle modifications be promoted to prevent breast cancer? Howell A, Harvie M. Breast Cancer Research. 2008;10 Suppl(4):S11.
- State of the evidence 2008: What is the connection between the environment and breast cancer? Gray J, editor. Breast Cancer Fund and Breast Cancer Action 2008.
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