A survey of Canadian academic librarians and their use of social media (2009-2010)
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Contents |
Introduction
See also Research for librarians - portal and Surveys - an introduction to online tools
This wiki entry formed the basis of a longer submission for a CARL/ABRC Research in Librarianship Grant. (Please e-mail dean.giustini@ubc.ca for the full report.) The proposal was one of three given a CARL Grant - Research in Librarianship Award announced in Ottawa, November 12, 2009. Here is the official letter from CARL/ABRC.
Possible titles
- "A survey of Canadian academic librarians and their use of social media"
- "How is social software used by academic librarians? A survey of CARL/ABRC libraries"
- "Web 2.0 use by academic librarians: a CARL/ABRC survey"
- "Social media and web 2.0: how Canadian academic libraries are using the tools of the social revolution in instruction, reference and liaison"
Issues
- what are the implications of the use of social media in academic librarianship?
- even though there are tensions between personal and institutional use of SM, how are academic librarians using social media (i.e. loosely coupled with other tools; integrated; student vs. institution 'control'
- How do these issues affect academic librarians:
- literacies- what do they mean by media literacy in a web 2.0 world?
- What are the roles & structures, skills set, strategies and policies required?
- "What are the best teaching and learning paradigms"
- what are the major issues? danger of adopting a technological deterministic approach; being beguiled by technology;
- can we articulate a web 2.0 pedagogy? what models might be useful?
- we need new models to understand relationship between pedagogy & technology;
- we need to experiment with these ideas; atomistic (small bits; make sense of them? piecemeal - do we need a schema as a way of representing this kind of atomistic learning) vs. wholistic (principles underpinning or butressing learning/sharing/collaboation)
- what is the best of web 2.0? what makes good learning? how do these go together with traditional learning?
- can we bring the best of web 2.0 and evidence based practice in education?
- What is learning? learning through thinking; experience and activity; communication and interaction; evidence and demonstration
Philosophical considerations
- are early adopters of social media encultured (subconsciously) to behave as though librarian-user interaction is pre-determined by 'the system' while deluding themselves they have control?
- are we vacuously seeking to fulfill the requirements of the system (La Technique, Ellul); while being rewarded for doing so are we losing our core intellectual orientation and even our humanity?
Principle Investigator
Research Associate
- A position will be posted in early 2010.
Survey advisory
- Dr. Mary Sue Stephenson - Senior Instructor, Chair, MLIS Program, Coordinator of Information Technology, School of Library, Archival and Information Studies
- Allan Cho, Program Services Librarian, Irving K. Barber Learning Centre
- Daniel Hooker, MLIS Student, School of Library, Archival & Information Studies
- Dr. Penny Brasher, Biostatistician, Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Evaluation, Vancouver General Hospital
Introduction
As blogs, wikis and online social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter have become increasingly popular and widely-used in the general population (services known as web 2.0), academic librarians have responded accordingly by applying some of these tools in varying degrees to the provision of library services. In July 2008, the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) published a report entitled "Social software in libraries - SPEC Kit 304" which gives examples of how Canadian and American academic libraries are using social media within their institutions.
However, the report suggests that:
"...while chat and instant messaging have been in use for several years [in ARL libraries], use of other types of social software is very recent. Beyond isolated cases, a steadily increasing number of ARL member libraries began implementing social software in 2005, with the largest rate of adoption being in 2007." (Bejune & Ronan, 2008)
Given the hype around many social or web 2.0 technologies, and the speed of change in the area, it can be confusing for academic librarians to decide which tools to apply to information challenges and problems. The debate about whether librarians should use these tools suffers from weak evidence especially in a Canadian context. Some academic librarians believe that the digital spaces created by social media should be exploited fully (see appendix II "Academic libraries 2.0") while others argue that many web tools are "disruptive" and fall outside the parameters of the field. Both sides of the social media debate (for and against) can be vociferous in their defense of their views. Although a survey of this kind cannot by itself change how many of these tools are perceived (or evaluated), it is nonetheless an important first step in initiating the conversation or debate as we move further into the web 2.0 era.
Statement of problem
As library blogs emerged between 1998-2004, many early-adopters began to experiment with social software tools such as RSS feeds, wikis, chat tools, podcasting, video-sharing and bookmarking. Since then, all kinds of surveys have been conducted in jurisdictions that describe how these tools are used (Aharony, 2009; Chu, 2009; Connell, 2009; Hendrix 2009; Kroski, 2007). In addition, academic librarians regularly report on their use of social media at association meetings and in scholarly papers, but no Canada-wide study has yet been conducted. The library and information sciences literature is filled with applied research, opinion-based case studies and early theoretical research (see Habib (2006)) but generally it lacks a strong empirical base. It is not known, for example, what types of social software are commonly used by CARL/ABRC libraries and whether they have adapted their traditional bibliographic or legacy systems to respond to service expectations created by social media. Finally, there is a need to establish an overall view of innovative uses of social media in Canadian academic libraries for capturing best practices and to apply that information to developing theoretical frameworks and novel services for faculty, staff and students.
Aim of survey
The aim of this survey is to gather empirical data of social media usage by academic librarians in Canada. The goal is to establish factual information and reveal the nature and extent of social media usage by Canadian academic librarians for the purposes of communication, networking and marketing. The survey will be designed to elicit opinions of academic librarians from twenty-three Canadian university libraries within CARL/ABRC. The descriptive statistics will include what factors influence the adoption of social media such as demographics, professional titles and attitudes. This data will be cross-tabulated to identify dominant themes and issues of concern such as what barriers (ie. lack of time, knowledge or institutional support) currently restrict the use of social media. It must be said that an underlying problem for librarians who use web 2.0 technologies is the lack of a practice framework - and not just within a Canadian context. In the absence of supporting theories and strategic planning for web 2.0, it is unlikely that academic librarians will ever be able to obtain the type of support they need to integrate social media effectively. Therefore, a baseline of descriptive data will be indispensible both for understanding the state-of-the-art of social media and what might be required of university libraries in terms of allocating optimal infrastructure support and resources. The publication of this information will enable academic librarians in Canada to analyze viewpoints and to compare their use of social media with peers from across the country. Canadian library associations and educators can refer to this data in order to identify new areas for research and continuing education for professional librarians.
Literature review
The principle investigator is currently teaching a 13-week course called Social media for information professionals. The course is for graduate students within the MLIS and MAS programmes at the University of British Columbia's School of Library, Archival and Information Studies (SLAIS). The readings and bibliographies below will be kept up to date and synthesized in preparation for the development of the survey questionnaire.
- Academic libraries 2.0
- Bibliography - Library 2.0 (2003-2009)
- Bibliography - Social software
- Library 2.0 literature review
- Web 2.0 bibliography - Archives, libraries & museums
- Web 2.0 literature review
Relevant websites
- Applied Research and Evaluation Services - http://www.ares.ubc.ca/
- UBC Behavioural Research Ethics Board (BREB) - http://www.ors.ubc.ca/ethics/behavioural/b-rise.htm
- Canadian Internet Project - http://www.canadianinternetproject.ca/en/intro.htm
- CARL/ABRC - http://www.carl-abrc.ca/
- School of Library, Archival and Information Studies - http://www.slais.ubc.ca
- HLWIKI Canada, Social Media for Information Professionals - http://hlwiki.slais.ubc.ca/index.php/LIBR_559M_-_Social_Media_for_Information_Professionals_-_Online_Modules
- University of British Columbia - Office of Research Services - http://www.ors.ubc.ca/
Study methodology
- The principle investigator and a research assistant will update bibliographies on academic libraries 2.0, library 2.0, web 2.0 and social software
- Investigators will design an online survey (semi-structured questionnaire) of 20-25 questions with the assistance of UBC's ARES unit
- The survey will be in two-phases and a 'stepped' methodology
- Phase I survey will be piloted and validated by a small sample group
- Phase II survey will have more in-depth questions (and a small randomized sample of 20 librarians will be interviewed)
- This survey will examine attitudes and experiences of Canadian academic librarians who use/do not use social media
- Survey tool called "Vovici" will be used; online software program is supported by the University of British Columbia
- Institutional and demographic information will be gathered; phase I survey will include closed and open-ended questions
- Invitations to complete Phase I survey will be sent to listservs such as CACUL, CAUT, CLA and directly to contacts at CARL libraries
- Ethics approval for both phases will be required ('behavioural studies')
- (Applications that meet a minimal risk are sent to UBC's Behavioural Research Ethics Board and average time from submission to response is three weeks)
- Phase I data will ask participants to agree to an interview in Phase II (a random sample of 20 librarians)
- Phase II will include in-depth questions and room for more sharing of opinions, viewpoints and perspectives
- Post-hoc the responses will be coded by categories, using descriptive words and phrases
- Descriptive unstructured data will be analyzed using QSR software http://www.qsrinternational.com/products.aspx
Timeline
- Gantt charts forthcoming
Budget
- The CARL/ABRC grant of $2000 and other monies will be adminstered through UBC. Stay tuned for more information.
See also
References
See also Academic libraries 2.0
- Aharony N. Web 2.0 use by librarians. Library & Information Science Research 2009; 31(1):29-37.
- Bejune M, Ronan J. Association of Research Libraries. Spec Kit 304. "Social software in libraries". July 2008. http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/spec304web.pdf
- Bronstein J, Aharony N. Views and Dreams: A Delphi Investigation into Library 2.0 Applications. Journal of Web Librarianship 2009;3(2): 89-109.
- [Charnigo L, Barnett-Ellis P. Checking Out Facebook.com: the impact of a digital trend on academic libraries. Information Technology and Libraries 2007;26, (1): 23-34.]
- Chawner B. Spectators, not players: information managers' use of web 2.0 in New Zealand. Electronic Library 2008;26(5): 630-649.
- [Chu SK. Using wikis in academic libraries. Journal of Academic Librarianship March 2009; 35(2):170-176.]
- Chu M, Nalani M. The problems and potential of MySpace and Facebook usage in academic libraries. Internet Reference Services Quarterly 2008 13(1):69-85.
- Connell RS. Academic libraries, Facebook and MySpace, and student outreach: a survey of student opinion. portal: Libraries and the Academy 2009 9(1):25–36.
- Conole G. "Disruptive Technologies or New Pedagogical Possibilities". Eduserv Foundation Symposium 2008 - Grainne Conole.
- Couper M. Whither the web: web 2.0 and the changing world of web surveys.
- [Draper L, Turnage M. Blogmania: blog use in academic libraries. Internet Reference Services Quarterly. 2008;13(1):15-55.]
- Giustini D, Wright MD. Twitter: an introduction to microblogging for health librarians. JCHLA/JABSC 30, 1, Winter 2009
- [Greenhow C. Social scholarship: applying social networking technologies to research practices. Knowledge Quest, Mar/Apr2009, 37(4):42-47.]
- Habib M. Toward academic library 2.0: development and application of a library 2.0 methodology. Thesis, 2008. see concept models
- Hendrix, D., et. al. Use of Facebook in academic health sciences libraries. J Med Libr Assoc 2009;97(1):44-7.
- Kelly, B. (2008). Web 2.0: Addressing the barriers to implementation in a library context. Bath, UK: University of Bath, UKOLN. Available: http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/
- KnowledgeWorks Foundation (2006). 2006-2016 map of future forces affecting education. Palo Alto, CA: Institute for the Future and KnowledgeWorks Foundation. Available at: http://www.kwfdn.org/
- Kroski E. The social tools of web 2.0: opportunities for academic libraries. Choice 2007;44(12):2011-21.
- Lenhart A. Twitterpated: mobile Americans increasingly take to tweeting. Pew Internet & American Life Project. 2009
- Linh NC. A survey of the application of Web 2.0 in Australasian university libraries. Library Review 2008
- Murphy J, Moulaison H. Social networking literacy competencies for librarians: exploring considerations and engaging participation. Contributed Paper, ACRL 14th National Conference, Pushing the Edge: Explore, Engage, Extend March 14, 2009. and his paper.
- [Powell RR. Basic research methods for librarians. Contemporary studies in information management, policy, and services. Information Management Policies and Services Series. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997.]
- Putnam LL. Professional writing and publishing: resources for librarians. College & Research Libraries News April 2009;70(4).
- [Rea LM. Designing and conducting survey research: a comprehensive guide. Jossey-Bass, 1997.]
- [Rogers CR. Social media, libraries, and web 2.0: how American libraries are using new tools for public relations and to attract new users. German Library Association Annual Conference May 2009]
- Secker J. LASSIE: Libraries and Social Software in Education. "Case Study 5:Libraries and Facebook" January 2008. University of London Centre for Distance Education Teaching and Research Awards.
- [Stephens M. The pragmatic biblioblogger: examining the motivations and observations of early adopter librarian bloggers. Internet Reference Services Quarterly. 2008;13(4):311-345]
- Xu C, Ouyang F, Chu H. The academic library meets web 2.0: applications and implications. Journal of Academic Librarianship; Jul2009 35 4 324-331.
